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Twist-stacked graphene with a twist angle of retains two-dimensional monolayer graphene–like Dirac states near the Dirac point. In three-dimensional nanoporous graphene (3D-NPG), curvature inherently produces twist-stacking and topological defects required to form a porous network. When regions with θ ≥ 5° dominate, Dirac states in individual layers are expected to persist, allowing the Dirac-electron behavior to be tuned through coupling to the 3D curved geometry. However, predicted band gap formation or localized states have remained unobserved. Here we report that 3D-NPG maintains monolayer-like Dirac electronic states while simultaneously exhibiting insulating behavior near the Dirac point. Raman G-band softening confirms these monolayer-like states, and an Arrhenius-type temperature–resistance trend coexisting with weak localization near the Dirac point indicates partially insulating states induced by topological defects. These findings demonstrate that 3D-NPG hosts distinctive Dirac electronic states coupled to 3D curvature, providing a platform for developing new functionalities in 3D graphene-based electronics and energy devices.
Research papers (academic journals)
