Strong infiltration of CD8 + T cells and PD1 + T cells into tumor lesions expressing HSP70 and GPC3 antigens was observed. In addition, as a result of exploratory analysis from mass cytometry (CyTOF), the decrease in T cell exhaustion markers (BTLA and CCR4) of PBMC after vaccination (p = 0.03, p = 0.06), the increase in PD1 expression of TIL, and Granzyme B And low expression of perforin was revealed. It was suggested that this immunotherapy has the function of locally inducing T cells to change from cold tumor to hot tumor. In addition, PD1 expression and immune exhaustion status in TIL were confirmed, and the rationale for the combined use of ICI and this vaccine therapy was obtained as the next novel immunotherapy.
